The Seven Churches of Asia

“I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last: and, What thou seest, write in a book, and send it unto the seven churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos, and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and unto Philadelphia, and unto Laodicea.” – Revelation 1:11

Map: commons.wikimedia.org

The sites of the “Seven Churches of Asia are all in Western Turkey. The nearest airports are at Izmir (Smyrna) and Denizli, near Laodicia.

Near Laodicea is ancient Hieropolis. Colosse is also in the area but has not been excavated.

Colossians 4:13  For I bear him record, that he hath a great zeal for you, and them that are in Laodicea, and them in Hierapolis.

Ephesus

Of all seven archeological sites associated with the “Seven Churches of Asia”, the ruins at Ephesus are the most substantial. In order to walk downhill and not backtrack, it works out well to park in the main lot and hire one of the horse drawn carriages to shuttle you to the entrance at the upper end of the ruins.

Smyrna

“And unto the angel of the church in Smyrna write; These things saith the first and the last, which was dead, and is alive;” – Rev. 2:8

Ancient Agora (marketplace), Smyrna, modern day Izmir Turkey.

Izmir Turkey (ancient Smyrna) is about 50 miles North of Ephesus and about 70 miles South of ancient Pergamos (Bergama Turkey). Izmir is on Turkey’s Aegean coast and is the third largest city in the country, with a population of more than four million people.

Early church history: Polycarp (AD 69 -156) was longtime pastor at Smyrna. He was very likely a disciple of the Apostle John. Polycarp died a martyr’s death at the hands of the Romans.

Kemeralti Market, Izmir. Lots of shops and eateries.

Pergamos

“And to the angel of the church in Pergamos write; These things saith he which hath the sharp sword with two edges;” – Rev. 2:12

Ancient columns at Pergamos.

“I know thy works, and where thou dwellest, even where Satan’s seat is: and thou holdest fast my name, and hast not denied my faith, even in those days wherein Antipas was my faithful martyr, who was slain among you, where Satan dwelleth.” – Rev. 2:13

Two trees at the site of the Temple of Zeus, also known as the Pergamos Altar, “where Satans’s seat is”. Rev. 2:13

The Pergamon Altar was constructed during the reign of King Eumenes II during the 2nd century BC. As the polytheistic religions became overshadowed by Christianity the Pergamon Altar was abandoned and for the next 2000 years fell into obscurity until the late 1870’s.

In 1871, German archeologist Carl Humann sent fragments of the Pergamon altar to Berlin, the same year the German Empire was established. Excavation of the site began in earnest in 1878 and within a year, relief panels and friezes from the Pergamon Altar were being shipped to Berlin.

The first “Pergamon Museum” opened in Berlin in 1901. At the end of World War II the Red Army took parts of the altar to the Soviet Union as a war trophy. The altar remained in Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) until 1958 when it was returned to East Germany.

Hitler’s chief architect Albert Speer found inspiration from the Pergamon Altar when he designed the Nazi Party rally grounds in Nuremberg. It was here that Hitler announced his “final solution”known as the Holocaust that resulted in the death of six million Jews and others.

Millions were put to death under the totalitarian communist regimes of the Soviet Union. Is it a mere coincidence that the Nazis and the Soviets, responsible for millions upon millions of deaths, were the keepers of Pergamon’s “Seat of Satan”?

Thyatira

“And unto the angel of the church in Thyatira write; These things saith the Son of God, who hath his eyes like unto a flame of fire, and his feet are like fine brass;” – Rev. 2:18

Ruins at ancient Thyatira.

The city of Thyatira is named in the Book of Revelation and also in the Book of Acts. At Philippi, “Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira” received Christ and was baptized. Acts 16:14,15

The ancient Greek city of Thyatira is now the modern Turkish city of Akhisar. The drive from Bergama (Pergamos) to Akhisar (Thyatira) is just over an hour. The ruins of the ancient city are contained in about one block square. Nearby is a museum with exhibits of artifacts found in the area as well as a rug making loom, cultural clothing, and other items.

Sign at Thyatira archeological site.

Sardis

“And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven Spirits of God, and the seven stars; I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.” – Rev. 3:1

Sardis Gymnasium – Bathhouse

The drive from Akhisar (Thyatira) to the ruins at Sardis takes less than an hour. The archeological site spans both sides of the highway. For the fit and adventurous, the Sardis Acropolis sits high atop the hill above the Temple of Artemis ruins.

Sardis Synagogue

The synagogue ruins at Sardis were discovered in 1962. The enormity of the complex indicates a large Jewish population. The writings of Josephus mention a Jewish population at Sardis. “Lucius Antonius, the son of Marcus, vice-quaestor, and vice-pretor, to the magistrates, senate, and people of the Sardians, sendeth greeting. Those Jews that are our fellow-citizens of Rome, came to me, and demonstrated that they had an assembly of their own, according to the laws of their forefathers…….” – Antiquities of the Jews, Book XIV, chap. X, sect. 17. This would indicate a Jewish community in Sardis at least as far back as the 1st Century AD.

An article at https://www.bh.org.il/the-ancient-synagogue-of-sardis-turkey states, ” The beginnings of the Jewish settlement in Sardis are believed to belong to the 3rd century BCE, when Jews from Babylonia and other countries were encouraged to settle in the city by the Seleucid King Antiochus III (223-187 BCE).”

Sardis Temple of Artemis. Construction began about 300 BC.

Philadelphia

And to the angel of the church in Philadelphia write; These things saith he that is holy, he that is true, he that hath the key of David, he that openeth, and no man shutteth; and shutteth, and no man openeth; – Rev 3:7

A Muslim mosque framed between the ruins of a Byzantine church at Philadelphia.

The site of the Philadelphia Church is at the modern Turkish town of Alesehir Turkey, about 30 miles East of the ruins at Sardis. There is not much to see other than the ruins of a Byzantine era church.

Laodicea

“And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God;” – Rev 3:14

Ruins at ancient Laodicea.

The archeological site of Laodicea is near the modern Turkish city of Denizli. From Alesehir (Philadelphia) it is about a two hour drive Southeast to the region of Laodicea. While in the area of Laodicea, nearby Hieropolis/Pamukkale is a must see.

Standing at Laodicea, the imagery of Rev. 3:15,16 becomes quite evident. In Jesus’ address to the church at Laodicea He said: “I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot.  So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth.” – Rev 3:15,16

Looking North from Laodicia, the white cliffs resulting from the hot water springs at Hieropolis/Pamukkale are clearly visible. Looking to the South are the often snow capped mountains in the region of Colosse, a source of cold and clear water. This was the water source for Laodicea. By the time the water flowed through the clay pipes and arrived at Laodicea it was lukewarm.

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